前言

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更详细的讲解请移步Bilibili：EDAdong。

设计目标和方案

（1）基于Arduino的无线通信系统具备主机和分机模块，所有模块都以Arduino作为主控，两个模块之间通过ZigBee进行通信；

（2）分机可以实现对温度，湿度以及光照强度的检测，并上传至主机模块；

（3）主机模块实现显示，控制以及远程上传；

（4）主机具备WiFi通信模块，并上传至手机APP端，实现远程控制。

注意事项

WIFI功能属于附加功能，可加可不加，不影响功能实现

原理图及实物图

image-20250626202000231

image-20250626202246902

image-20250626203221409

代码

主机代码

#include <Wire.h>  
#include <U8g2lib.h>//u8g2库
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
/*定义部分引脚*/
#define led 13               //定义LED的驱动引脚
#define rxPin 9
#define txPin 8
SoftwareSerial mySerial(rxPin, txPin);
/*定义运行过程中的参量*/
int wendu;                  //全局变量温度
int shidu;                  //全局变量湿度
int light_strength;         //全局变量光照强度
int led_status=0;           //定义LED灯的工作状态
int wendu_status=0;
char test;
/*新建iic对象以及显示屏对象*/
U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_F_SW_I2C u8g2(U8G2_R0,10,11,U8X8_PIN_NONE); //配置OLED函数
//U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/ SCL, /* data=*/ SDA, /* reset=*/ U8X8_PIN_NONE);
/************************存放oled汉字取模数据*********************************/
/*******取16X16汉字字模 逐行式 顺向高位在前 阴码，逐行，逆向，16进制，C51格式******/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str0[] =
{
  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xBF,0x7F,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x04,0x08,0x04,0x3E,0x16,
  0x08,0x25,0x88,0x44,0x48,0x44,0x08,0x04,0x38,0x04,0x07,0x04,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x04};/*"环",0*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str1[] =
{
  0x04,0x01,0x04,0x02,0xC4,0x1F,0x84,0x08,0x1F,0x05,0xE4,0x7F,0x04,0x00,0xC4,0x1F,
  0x44,0x10,0xC4,0x1F,0x44,0x10,0xDC,0x1F,0x87,0x04,0x82,0x44,0x40,0x44,0x30,0x78};/*"境",1*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str2[] =
{
  0x00,0x00,0xC4,0x1F,0x48,0x10,0x48,0x10,0xC1,0x1F,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0xC8,0x1F,
  0x08,0x00,0xE4,0x3F,0x27,0x25,0x24,0x25,0x24,0x25,0x24,0x25,0xF4,0x7F,0x00,0x00};/*"温",2*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str3[] =
{
  0x00,0x00,0xE4,0x1F,0x28,0x10,0x28,0x10,0xE1,0x1F,0x22,0x10,0x22,0x10,0xE8,0x1F,
  0x88,0x04,0x84,0x04,0x97,0x24,0xA4,0x14,0xC4,0x0C,0x84,0x04,0xF4,0x7F,0x00,0x00};/*"湿",3*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str4[] =
{
  0x80,0x00,0x84,0x10,0x88,0x10,0x90,0x08,0x90,0x04,0x80,0x00,0xFF,0x7F,0x20,0x02,
  0x20,0x02,0x20,0x02,0x20,0x02,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x08,0x42,0x04,0x7C,0x03,0x00};/*"光",4*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str5[] =
{
  0x00,0x00,0xBE,0x3F,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x29,0xBE,0x10,0x22,0x3F,
  0x22,0x21,0x22,0x21,0x22,0x21,0x3E,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x12,0x11,0x22,0x22,0x21,0x22};/*"照",5*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str6[] =
{
  0x00,0x00,0x9F,0x3F,0x90,0x20,0x90,0x20,0x90,0x3F,0x1E,0x04,0x02,0x04,0xC2,0x7F,
  0x42,0x44,0x5E,0x44,0xD0,0x7F,0x10,0x04,0x10,0x24,0x10,0x44,0xEA,0x7F,0x04,0x40};/*"强",6*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str7[] =
{
  0x80,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFC,0x7F,0x44,0x04,0x44,0x04,0xFC,0x3F,0x44,0x04,0x44,0x04,
  0xC4,0x07,0x04,0x00,0xF4,0x0F,0x24,0x08,0x42,0x04,0x82,0x03,0x61,0x0C,0x1C,0x70};/*"度",7*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str8[] =
{
  0x08,0x00,0x08,0x00,0xC8,0x7F,0x08,0x04,0x2A,0x04,0x1A,0x04,0x0A,0x04,0x09,0x04,
  0x08,0x04,0x08,0x04,0x08,0x04,0x14,0x04,0x24,0x04,0x22,0x04,0x02,0x05,0x01,0x02};/*"灯",8*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str9[] =
{
  0x00,0x04,0x80,0x04,0xBF,0x04,0x88,0x3F,0x88,0x04,0x48,0x04,0x3E,0x04,0xC8,0x7F,
  0x08,0x0E,0x08,0x15,0x08,0x15,0xB8,0x24,0x87,0x24,0x42,0x44,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x04};/*"珠",9*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str10[] =
{
  0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x3F,0x10,0x04,0x10,0x04,0x10,0x04,0x10,0x04,0x10,0x04,0xFF,0x7F,
  0x10,0x04,0x10,0x04,0x10,0x04,0x10,0x04,0x08,0x04,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x02,0x04};/*"开",10*/
static const unsigned char PROGMEM str11[] =
{
  0x08,0x08,0x10,0x08,0x10,0x04,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x1F,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,
  0xFF,0x7F,0x80,0x00,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x20,0x02,0x10,0x04,0x0C,0x18,0x03,0x60};/*"关",11*/

void oled_image()
{
  u8g2.clearBuffer();//清屏
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 0, 16, 16, str0);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 0, 16, 16, str1);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 0, 16, 16, str2);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 0, 16, 16, str7);//环境温度
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 16, 16, 16, str0);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 16, 16, 16, str1);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 16, 16, 16, str3);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 16, 16, 16, str7);//环境湿度
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 32, 16, 16, str4);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 32, 16, 16, str5);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 32, 16, 16, str6);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 32, 16, 16, str7);//光照强度
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 48, 16, 16, str8);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 48, 16, 16, str9);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 48, 16, 16, str10);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 48, 16, 16, str11);//灯珠开关
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_ncenB14_tr);//字体08
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 16);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 32);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 48);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 64);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符

  u8g2.sendBuffer();//开显示 
}

/****************OLED显示***************/
void oleddisplay()
{  
  u8g2.clearBuffer();//清屏
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 0, 16, 16, str0);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 0, 16, 16, str1);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 0, 16, 16, str2);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 0, 16, 16, str7);//环境温度
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 16, 16, 16, str0);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 16, 16, 16, str1);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 16, 16, 16, str3);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 16, 16, 16, str7);//环境湿度
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 32, 16, 16, str4);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 32, 16, 16, str5);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 32, 16, 16, str6);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 32, 16, 16, str7);//光照强度
  u8g2.drawXBMP(0, 48, 16, 16, str8);u8g2.drawXBMP(16, 48, 16, 16, str9);u8g2.drawXBMP(32, 48, 16, 16, str10);u8g2.drawXBMP(48, 48, 16, 16, str11);//灯珠开关
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_ncenB14_tr);//字体08
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 16);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 32);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 48);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符
  u8g2.setCursor(64, 64);//设置显示位置
  u8g2.print(":");//输出字符
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_ncenB14_tr);  
  u8g2.setCursor(92, 32); 
  u8g2.print(wendu); 
  u8g2.setCursor(92, 16); 
  u8g2.print(shidu); 
  u8g2.setCursor(92, 48); 
  u8g2.print(light_strength); 
  if(led_status==1) 
    u8g2.drawXBMP(92, 48, 16, 16, str10);  
  else
    u8g2.drawXBMP(92, 48, 16, 16, str11);     
  u8g2.sendBuffer();//开显示
}

int start_flag;
u8 i;
u8 count;
u8 data_control[9];         //接收区存储数据
u8 recent_data[3];
void read_usart()
{
  i = mySerial.available();  //返回目前串口接收区内的已经接受的数据量
  if(i != 0)
  {
    //Serial.print("串口接收到的数据量为:");
    //Serial.println(mySerial.available());
    while(i--)
    {  
      recent_data[2]=recent_data[1];
      recent_data[1]=recent_data[0];
      recent_data[0]=mySerial.read();
      if(start_flag)
      {
        data_control[count]=recent_data[0]-48;
        count++;
        if(count>=9)
        {
          start_flag=0;
          count=0;
          //Serial.print("数据存储完毕!\r\n");
        }
      }
      if(recent_data[0]==49&&recent_data[1]==55&&recent_data[2]==49)
      {
        start_flag=1;
        //Serial.print("检测到起始位，准备开始接收数据\r\n");
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
  }
}
/*初始化函数*/
void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(9600);                       //初始化波特率115200
  Serial.print("大家好");
  mySerial.begin(9600);
  mySerial.println("T");
  /*初始化输出函数*/
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);                       //设置led引脚为输出模式以便控制led
  /*初始化显示屏参数*/
  u8g2.begin();
  u8g2.enableUTF8Print();
  oled_image();
}
int main_zhiling;  
void loop() 
{ 
  read_usart();
  wendu=data_control[0]*100+data_control[1]*10+data_control[2];
  shidu=data_control[3]*100+data_control[4]*10+data_control[5];
  light_strength=data_control[6]*100+data_control[7]*10+data_control[8];

  Serial.print(0xAB);
  Serial.print((u8)shidu/100);Serial.print((u8)shidu/10%10);Serial.print((u8)shidu%10);
  Serial.print((u8)wendu/100);Serial.print((u8)wendu/10%10);Serial.print((u8)wendu%10);
  Serial.print((u8)light_strength/100);Serial.print((u8)light_strength/10%10);Serial.print((u8)light_strength%10);
  Serial.print(0xBA);

  Serial.available();
  main_zhiling=Serial.read();
  if(main_zhiling=='T')led_status=1;
  else if(main_zhiling=='F')led_status=0;

  if(led_status)digitalWrite(led,1),mySerial.print("T");
  else digitalWrite(led,0),mySerial.print("F");

  oleddisplay();
  delay(500);
}

从机代码：

#include "user_dht.h"
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#define analogPin A0         //定义光照强度检测的引脚
#define led 13
#define rxPin 9
#define txPin 8

DHT11 dht11(2);              //调用dht11函数，引用2引脚，实际检测温度湿度
SoftwareSerial mySerial(rxPin, txPin);

int main_zhiling;            //主机发送过来的指令
int light_val = 0;           //定义变量来存储检测到的光照强度值
int led_status=0;            //定义变量控制LED灯
extern float wendu;          //全局变量温度，从dht文件采集数据传输至主文件
extern float shidu;          //全局变量湿度，从dht文件采集数据传输至主文件
void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);                       //初始化波特率115200
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);                       //设置led引脚为输出模式以便控制led
  digitalWrite(led,0);                        //连接失败LED熄灭
  mySerial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
  mySerial.available();
  main_zhiling=mySerial.read();
  if(main_zhiling=='T')led_status=1;
  else if(main_zhiling=='F')led_status=0;
  dht11.Get_DHT11_Value();                  //获取到DHT11的温湿度数据
  light_val = analogRead(analogPin);              //通过外部模拟输出得到光照强度值
  light_val = 100-(int)((float)light_val/1024*100);     //由于采集的是电压，从0-4095，于是要做一定的变换使其变成百分比值，另外光照强度最大时，采集到的电压最低，因此要做一定处理
  mySerial.print(0xAB);
  mySerial.print((u8)shidu/100);mySerial.print((u8)shidu/10%10);mySerial.print((u8)shidu%10);
  mySerial.print((u8)wendu/100);mySerial.print((u8)wendu/10%10);mySerial.print((u8)wendu%10);
  mySerial.print((u8)light_val/100);mySerial.print((u8)light_val/10%10);mySerial.print((u8)shidu%10);
  mySerial.print(0xBA);
  
	//Serial.print("Current humdity = "); Serial.println(shidu);Serial.print("\r\n");	//显示湿度的整数位； Serial.print('.');
	//Serial.print("Current temperature = "); Serial.println(wendu);Serial.print("\r\n");	//显示温度的整数位； Serial.print('.');
 // Serial.print("Current light = "); Serial.println(light_val);Serial.print("%\r\n");	//显示温度的整数位； Serial.print('.');
  if(led_status)digitalWrite(led,1);
  else digitalWrite(led,0);
	delay(1000);
}

wifi模块代码：

#include "ALIMQTT.C"
#include <Wire.h>  
//我们测试需要用到的串口，ESP32一共有3个串口，串口0应该是用于程序烧写和打印输出调试用的，所以我们只用1和2
HardwareSerial MySerial_stm32(1); 
ALIMQTT mqtt;                //定义mqtt的一些任务函数

#define led 2                //定义LED的驱动引脚

int ground_duty,light_duty,wendu_data;//土壤占空比，光照占空比

int hextoint(int i)
{
  if(i==48)return 0;
  else if(i==49)return 1;
  else if(i==50)return 2;
  else if(i==51)return 3;
  else if(i==52)return 4;
  else if(i==53)return 5;
  else if(i==54)return 6;
  else if(i==55)return 7;
  else if(i==56)return 8;
  else if(i==57)return 9;
  else if(i==65)return 10;
  else if(i==66)return 11;
  else if(i==67)return 12;
  else if(i==68)return 13;
  else if(i==69)return 14;
  else if(i==70)return 15;
}
//MQTT协议函数
void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length)
{
    payload[length]='\0';//payload是接收到的JSON格式数据，length是接收数据的字节数。
    StaticJsonDocument<4096>doc;DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, payload);//反序列化JSON数据
    if(!error){mqttCommand(doc.as<JsonVariant>());}
}
void itemCommand(JsonVariant params)
{
  Serial.println(params["COMMAND"].as<String>());
  mqtt.add("COMMAND",params["COMMAND"].as<String>().c_str());mqtt.send();
}
void mqttCommand(JsonVariant params)
{
  if(params.containsKey("params"))
  {
    if(params["params"].containsKey("COMMAND"))
    {/*阿里平台里添加设备属性COMMAND*/
      if(params["params"]["COMMAND"].is<String>())
      {
        if(params["params"]["COMMAND"].as<String>()=="restart"||params["params"]["COMMAND"].as<String>()=="reset")
        {
          ESP.restart();//模块重启。
        }
      }
    }
    //这里可以添加其他属性设置代码。
    if(params["params"].containsKey("mode"))
    {/*阿里平台里添加设备属性LED*/
      if(params["params"]["mode"].is<int>())
      {
        if(params["params"]["mode"].as<int>()==0)
        { 
          digitalWrite(led,0),MySerial_stm32.print("F");
        }
        if(params["params"]["mode"].as<int>()==1)
        {
          digitalWrite(led,1),MySerial_stm32.print("T");
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


int start_flag;
int i;
int count;
int data_control[9];         //接收区存储数据
int recent_data[3];
void read_usart()
{
  i = MySerial_stm32.available();  //返回目前串口接收区内的已经接受的数据量
  if(i != 0)
  {
    Serial.print("串口接收到的数据量为:");
    Serial.println(MySerial_stm32.available());
    while(i--)
    {  
      recent_data[2]=recent_data[1];
      recent_data[1]=recent_data[0];
      recent_data[0]=MySerial_stm32.read();
      Serial.println(recent_data[0]);
      if(start_flag)
      {
        data_control[count]=recent_data[0]-48;
        count++;
        if(count>=9)
        {
          start_flag=0;
          count=0;
          Serial.print("数据存储完毕!\r\n");
        }
      }
      if(recent_data[0]==49&&recent_data[1]==55&&recent_data[2]==49)
      {
        start_flag=1;
        Serial.print("检测到起始位，准备开始接收数据\r\n");
      }
    }
  }
}

/*初始化函数*/
void setup() 
{
  uint8_t Index;
  Serial.begin(115200);                       //初始化波特率115200
  /*初始化输出函数*/
  MySerial_stm32.begin(9600, SERIAL_8N1, 14, 15);

  pinMode(led,OUTPUT);                        //定义LEDIO口为输出  
  digitalWrite(led,LOW);                      //初始化灯光不亮

  /*初始化WIFI参数*/
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);                        //设定WIFI的模式为STA
  WiFi.begin("dong","hjsygdsgb");             //这里请使用你自己的WIFI名和密码，第一个是WIFI名，第二个是密码
  Index=60;                                   //初始化要用到的参数
  Serial.print("\r\n连接WIFI...");             //在串口显示正在连接中
  while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED && Index!=0)//判断WIFI是否连接
  {
    Serial.print(".");Index--;delay(500);
    digitalWrite(led,not digitalRead(led));   //LED慢速闪烁表示正在连接WIFI.
  }
  if(Index!=0)                                //如果Index不等于0，代表WIFI连接成功   
  {                              
    Serial.println("成功!");
    Serial.print("\r\n本机IP地址:");Serial.print(WiFi.localIP());Serial.print("\t\t路由器IP地址:");Serial.println( WiFi.gatewayIP());
    digitalWrite(led,1);//LED常亮表示WIFI连接成功.
    mqtt.begin("a10YyF1m2qH","Device","be3f7cad81ca344ad2553c5715d095c7","cn-shanghai");//这里的参数请使用你自己在阿里平台申请的设备三元组。最后一个表示站点（阿里云物联网平台有很多站点，请使用你创建设备实例的站点域名称，这里使用的是上海站）。
    mqtt.addItemCallback("COMMAND",itemCommand);                                       //属性回调.(全局回调和属性回调是互斥的,以最后注册为准).
    mqtt.setCallback(callback);                                                        //全局回调.(如果不带参数调用或不调用,则默认为属性回调).
  }
  else
  {
    digitalWrite(led,0);                     //连接失败LED熄灭.
    Serial.println("失败!");                 
  }
}

void loop() 
{
  read_usart();
  wendu_data=data_control[0]*100+data_control[1]*10+data_control[2];
  ground_duty=data_control[3]*100+data_control[4]*10+data_control[5];
  light_duty=data_control[6]*100+data_control[7]*10+data_control[8];

  mqtt.loop();                                    //mqtt的回调函数，用来不断的循环处理数据
  mqtt.add("light",light_duty);mqtt.send();       //输送光照数据至物联网上
  mqtt.add("wendu",wendu_data);mqtt.send();       //输送温度数据至物联网上
  mqtt.add("humi",ground_duty);mqtt.send();       //输送湿度数据至物联网上
  delay(500);                     

}

总结

通过网盘分享的文件：post21资料合集 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bzNsPYzqIQXEAcqwu-e-Yg?pwd=zrw9 提取码: zrw9 —来自百度网盘超级会员v6的分享